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A winged altarpiece (also folding altar) or winged retable is a special form of (, occasionally ), common in Northern and Central Europe, in which the central image, either a painting or sculpture (or some combination of the two) can be hidden by hinged wings. It is called a if there are two wings, a (but this is rarely used in English) if there are four, or a if there are four or more. The technical terms are derived from : trís or "triple"; πέντε: pénte or "five"; πολύς: polýs or "many"; and πτυχή: ptychē or "fold, layer".

There are often images on both the insides and outsides of the wings, enabling the altarpiece to display completely different views when open and closed. It was usually the custom to keep the wings closed except on Sundays or feast days, although very often the would open them for tourists at any time for a modest tip. Small winged paintings, usually triptychs, were also owned by the wealthy for private devotions, and services in the house; they had the advantage that the open view was fairly well protected when covered up during travel.

The form was especially popular in the later Middle Ages, and during the Northern Renaissance. In the 17th century, was one of the last major painters to use it. It was never as popular in Italy, where there were many polyptychs, but usually built without hinges, so always "open", even if there were also images on the back, as in the Maestà by Duccio for .

Above the retable may be found the crowning or superstructure, and flowers of the cross. can be housed below it, in a in the lying on the .


Examples
  • Pacher Altar of St. Wolfgang im Salzkammergut
  • Kefermarkt Altarpiece in
  • Krakow High Altar in St. Mary's Basilica by Veit Stoß.
  • by Jan van Eyck
  • Isenheim Altarpiece by Matthias Grünewald
  • Herrenberg Altarpiece, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart
  • The largest collection of medieval reredoses in Germany is to be found in St. Anne's Abbey, Lübeck, including the Passion Altarpiece by and the Altarpiece by
  • The Last Judgment by , Gdańsk
  • Schwabach Altarpiece in the Church of St. John and St. Martin in , a high altar from the workshop of Michael Wolgemut
  • The Altar Wings of Roudníky
  • Altar of Saint Mary,


Literature
  • Herbert Schindler: The Schnitzaltar. Meisterwerke und Meister in Süddeutschland, Österreich und Südtirol. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1978.
  • Karl-Werner Bachmann, Géza Jászai, Friedrich Kobler, Catheline Périer-D'Ieteren, Barbara Rommé, Norbert Wolf: Flügelretabel, in: Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte, Vol. 9, 2003, , cols. 1450–1536.


See also


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